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Capabilities on the main line · TRANSFORMER

Transfer across tasks

In one viewIn 2017, the Transformer introduced an architecture that connects data elements through attention and trains efficiently on parallel hardware.

The same principle proved useful for text, code, images, audio and video. Transformers became the shared foundation of nearly every modern large model.

StatusPASSED
TypeCapabilities on the main line
Marker2017
Events in dossier9
Development chronology

Researched

2017-06

Attention Is All You Need

About this eventThe Transformer replaced recurrence with attention and scaled better on parallel compute.

2018-06

GPT

About this eventPretraining a transformer on a large corpus and then adapting it to a task became a repeatable transfer-learning recipe.

2019-10

T5

About this eventTranslation, classification and question answering were reduced to one format: text in, text out.

2020-10

Vision Transformer

About this eventThe same architecture works on images — the transformer turns out to be universal.

2021-01

Mixture of experts

About this eventSparse models: more parameters without a proportional compute increase.

In progress

now

Fighting the quadratic cost

About this eventAttention costs grow as the square of the input length. Linear and hybrid schemes are the main engineering work here.

Planned

ahead

A successor architecture

About this eventThe design has held for nine years. Every major lab is looking for a replacement, but no alternative has yet won at scale.

Sources and research

Primary material behind this dossier: papers, lab publications and official reports.

Capabilities on the main line